了克服DCS系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)瓶頸,進(jìn)一步滿足現(xiàn)場的需要,現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,它實(shí)際上是連接現(xiàn)場智能設(shè)備和自動(dòng)化控制設(shè)備的雙向串行、數(shù)字式、多節(jié)點(diǎn)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò),也被稱為現(xiàn)場底層設(shè)備控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)（INFRANET）。和Internet、Intranet等類型的信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)不同,控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)直接面向生產(chǎn)過程,因此要求很高的實(shí)時(shí)性、可靠性、資料完整性和可用性。為滿足這些特性,現(xiàn)場總線對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議作了簡化,省略了一些中間層,只包括ISO/OSI7層模型中的3層：物理層、數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層和應(yīng)用層。

現(xiàn)場總線在發(fā)展的初,各個(gè)公司都提出自己的現(xiàn)場總線協(xié)議。IEC組織于1999年12月31日投票,確定了8大總線作為國際現(xiàn)場總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其中包括CANBus、ProfitBus、InterBus-S、ModBus、FOUNDA-TIONFieldbus等等。而在此基礎(chǔ)上形成了新的現(xiàn)場總線控制系統(tǒng)（FieldbusControlSystemFCS）。它綜合了數(shù)字通信技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和智能儀表等多種技術(shù)手段,從根本上突破了傳統(tǒng)的“點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)”式的模擬信號或數(shù)字———模擬信號控制的局限性,構(gòu)成一種全分散、全數(shù)字化、智能、雙向、互連、多變量、多接點(diǎn)的通信與控制系統(tǒng)。相應(yīng)的控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)也發(fā)生了較大的變化。FCS的典型結(jié)構(gòu)分為3層：設(shè)備層、控制層和信息層。

雖然現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)發(fā)展非常迅速,但也存在許多問題,制約其應(yīng)用范圍的進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。

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