20世紀60年代末，以空心造型為主的人工護面塊體開始獨立發(fā)展起來，這里面四腳空心消浪塊模具是典型代表之一。四腳空心塊主要依靠塊體與塊體之間的摩擦力來保持相互穩(wěn)定，同時為了保持其護面結(jié)構(gòu)外觀及整體穩(wěn)定性，在設計過程中對預留的縫、高差等也有一定的要求。初日本提出安防兩層四腳空心塊作為護面結(jié)構(gòu)，國內(nèi)進行單層與兩層安防模型試驗。試驗表明，單層安裝與兩層安裝的穩(wěn)定性基本一致，只是單層與兩層相比波浪爬高稍微有些大。之后，國家在防浪地區(qū)基本都使用單層安裝，例如泰山核電站消浪護岸采用的是單層安裝，并且取得了良好的防護效果。目前四腳空心塊多采用單層擺放，使其具有孔隙率高、造價低的特點。At the end of 1960s, the hollow block of artificial face protection began to develop independently, in which the four foot hollow wave block mold is one of the typical representatives. The four foot hollow block mainly relies on the friction between the block and the block to maintain mutual stability. At the same time, in order to maintain the appearance and overall stability of its protective structure, there are certain requirements for the reserved joints, height differences, etc. in the design process. At first, Japan proposed two-layer four foot hollow block as the protective structure, and carried out single-layer and two-layer security model tests in China. The test shows that the stability of single-layer installation is basically the same as that of two-layer installation, but the wave run-up of single-layer installation is slightly higher than that of two-layer installation. After that, the country basically uses single-layer installation in the anti wave area, for example, the wave Bank of Taishan nuclear power station adopts single-layer installation, and has achieved good protective effect. At present, four foot hollow blocks are mostly placed in single layer, which makes them have the *acteristics of high porosity and low cost.